How is a player designated as a "specialist" in volleyball?

A player designated as a "specialist" in volleyball typically focuses on specific skills, either offensive or defensive, rather than participating in every rotation or playing multiple positions. This designation allows the player to concentrate on mastering particular aspects of the game, such as serving, passing, or digging. Specialists are often utilized for their expertise in a specific area, enhancing the overall effectiveness of the team during specific situations in a match.

For example, a defensive specialist is often brought in to improve the team’s defense or to serve as a back-row player, contributing to play without the responsibility of attacking or serving consistently throughout the match. This strategic approach can significantly impact a team's performance, capitalizing on a player’s strengths.

The other choices do not accurately capture the essence of what defines a specialist in volleyball. Specialists are not tied to playing all rotations, holding a leadership role like team captain, or switching positions, which would suggest a more versatile or multifaceted player rather than a focused specialist.